National Ambient Air Quality Standards India

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National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAAQS

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are standards for air quality that are set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) that are applicable all over the country.

The NAAQS set by the CPCB are applicable to the whole country. The CPCB draws this power from the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

  • These standards are essential for the development of effective management of ambient air quality.
  • The first ambient air quality standards were developed in 1982 pursuant to the Air Act.
  • Later, in 1994 and 1998, these standards were revised. The latest revision to the NAAQS was done in 2009 and this is the latest version being followed.
  • The 2009 standards further lowered the maximum permissible limits for pollutants and made the standards uniform across the nation. Previously, industrial zones had less stringent standards as compared to residential areas.
  • The compliance of the NAAQS is monitored under the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP). NAMP is implemented by the CPCB.

The objectives of air quality standards are:

  • To indicate the levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health, vegetation and property;
  • To assist in establishing priorities for abatement and control of pollutant level;
  • To provide uniform yardstick for assessing air quality at national level;
  • To indicate the need and extent of monitoring programme.

In order to combat air pollution, it is required to identify the pollutants, its source of emission and investigate the effects of living and the environment. The Central Pollution Control Board has notified the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards Gazette of India, Extra-ordinary Part-II Section 3, sub section (ii), dated Nov 18, 2009.  

Download Notification

The revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards as depicted in top Image.

The current standards (2009) comprise 12 pollutants as follows:

  • Particulate Matter 10 (PM10)
  • Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) 
  • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
  • Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO)
  • Ozone (O3)
  • Ammonia (NH3)
  • Lead (Pb)
  • Benzene
  • Benzopyrene
  • Arsenic
  • Nickel
 

National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (N.A.M.P.)

Importance of air quality monitoring Air pollutant, both indoor and outdoor, cause significant harm to health. Therefore, monitoring of pollutants is important for effective air quality management. The Government monitors air quality in different areas to find out how much pollution is in the air and make sure pollutant levels are meeting health – based air quality standards. Knowing how much pollution is in the air in a certain area helps air quality agencies know when and how to take action to protect public health.

The Government uses its air monitoring data to:

  • Determine if air quality is meeting national standards
  • Determine the highest pollutant concentrations
  • Understand how pollutants behave and their relationship with the weather.
  • validate pollution modelling, used to test ‘what if’ scenarios.
  • Forecast air quality
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control programs
  • Evaluate the effects of air pollution on public health
  • Track the progress of plans for meeting air quality standard
  • Determine air quality trends
  • Develop responsible and cost-effective pollution control strategies and policy decisions

Objectives of NAMP

The objectives of the NAMP are as follows:

  • To determine status and trends of ambient air quality;
  • To ascertain whether the prescribed ambient air quality standards are violated;
  • To Identify Non-Attainment Cities;
  • To obtain the knowledge and understanding necessary for developing preventive and corrective measures;
  • To understand the natural cleansing process undergoing in the environment through pollution dilution, dispersion, wind-based movement, dry deposition, precipitation and chemical transformation of pollutants generated.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009 - Concentration in Ambient Air

National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009 – Concentration in Ambient Air
PollutantTime Weighted AverageIndustrial, Residential, Rural and Other AreaEcologically Sensitive Area (notified by Central Government)Methods of Measurement
SO2, μg/m3Annual*5020Improved West and Gaeke
Ultraviolet fluorescence
24 hours**8080
NO2, μg/m3Annual*4030Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite)
Chemiluminescence
24 hours**8080
PM10, μg/m3Annual*6060Gravimetric
TOEM
Beta attenuation
24 hours**100100
PM2.5, μg/m3Annual*4040Gravimetric
TOEM
Beta attenuation
24 hours**6060
O3, μg/m38 hours**100100UV photometric
Chemiluminescence
Chemical Method
1 hour**180180
Lead (Pb), μg/m3Annual*0.50.5AAS/ICP method after sampling on EMP 2000 or equivalent filter paper
ED-XRF using Teflon filter
24 hours**11
CO, mg/m38 hours**22Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR) spectrosopy
1 hour**44
Ammonia (NH3) μg/m3Annual*100100Chemiluminescence
Indophenol blue method
24 hours**400400
BenzeneAnnual*55Gas chromatography based on continuous analyzer
Adsorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis
Benzopyrene (BaP) – particulate phase only, ng/m3Annual*11Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis
Arsenic (As), ng/m3Annual*66AAS/ICP method after sampling on EMP 2000 or equivalent filter paper
Nickel (Ni), ng/m3Annual*2020AAS/ICP method after sampling on EMP 2000 or equivalent filter paper
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, theymay exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

Note – Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigation.
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